Household income is often discussed in terms of averages, but the share of households reporting no income can reveal a different side of the country’s economic reality.

This map, via Visual Capitalist’s Niccolo Conte, highlights the share of households with no income across U.S. states (and the District of Columbia) in 2024 using data from the Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2024 1-Year Estimates.

States with the Highest Shares of No-Income Households

Across U.S. states, the share of households with no income ranges from a low of 17% (Utah) to a high of 34% (West Virginia). The United States’ overall share of no-income households is 25%.

The data table below lists each state’s share of households with no income:

State
Share of households with no income
West Virginia
34%
New Mexico
31%
Maine
30%
Arkansas
30%
Mississippi
30%
Alabama
29%
Louisiana
29%
Florida
29%
Kentucky
29%
Michigan
28%
Montana
28%
Delaware
28%
Arizona
28%
Oregon
28%
Vermont
27%
South Carolina
27%
Rhode Island
27%
Oklahoma
27%
Pennsylvania
27%
Wyoming
27%
Ohio
27%
Missouri
27%
Idaho
26%
Wisconsin
26%
Tennessee
26%
New York
26%
North Carolina
25%
U.S. Overall
25%
Connecticut
25%
Indiana
25%
Iowa
25%
New Hampshire
25%
Hawaii
24%
Nevada
24%
South Dakota
24%
Illinois
24%
Minnesota
24%
Massachusetts
24%
Kansas
24%
North Dakota
24%
Washington
23%
Georgia
23%
Nebraska
23%
Virginia
23%
California
23%
New Jersey
22%
Maryland
22%
Alaska
21%
Colorado
21%
Texas
21%
District of Columbia
19%
Utah
17%

West Virginia stands out with the highest share of households reporting no income at 34%, three percentage points ahead of New Mexico at 31%.

The top five states by share of no-income households are rounded out with Maine, Arkansas, and Mississippi each at 30%.

These states tend to have older populations, higher rates of disability, and lower median incomes overall. In such contexts, a larger portion of households rely on non-earned income sources or report no income during the survey period.

States with the Fewest No-Income Households

Even among the lowest results, “no income” households remain a meaningful slice of the population.

After Utah (17%), the District of Columbia is next-lowest at 19%. Alaska, Colorado, and Texas each come in at 21%, with only five jurisdictions at 21% or lower.

Utah’s low share of one-adult/non-family households is a large driver of its low rate of households with no income.

States with the Most No-Income Households

Below we look at the top 10 states by number of households with no income:

Beyond California, Texas, Florida, and New York, states like Ohio and Michigan also rank in the top 10, despite sitting closer to the middle of the pack by share of no-income households. Their high totals reflect population scale rather than unusually high prevalence.

Meanwhile, states with the highest shares—such as West Virginia and New Mexico—do not appear in the top 10 by total households, highlighting the gap between where no-income households are most concentrated versus where they are most numerous.

To learn more about the incomes across the U.S., check out this graphic about the income needed to reach the 1% in each state on Voronoi.